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Urea
Urea is the end product of protein metabolism. It is formed as a result of the removal of split nitrogen from amino acids in the form of ammonia, which is toxic to the central nervous system, to the liver and kidneys. The urea cycle takes place in the liver and urea is then released into the bloodstream and transported to the kidneys, where it is filtered into the urine or reabsorbed. The production of urea is affected by the state of acid-base balance of the organism. Its concentration in the blood depends on the intake of protein in the diet and overall metabolism. The test is suitable as an indicator of renal function, the degree of hydration of the body, protein catabolism, to determine the level of nitrogen.
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Urea
About this test
Urea is the end product of protein metabolism. It is formed as a result of the removal of split nitrogen from amino acids in the form of ammonia, which is toxic to the central nervous system, to the liver and kidneys. The urea cycle takes place in the liver and urea is then released into the bloodstream and transported to the kidneys, where it is filtered into the urine or reabsorbed. The production of urea is affected by the state of acid-base balance of the organism. Its concentration in the blood depends on the intake of protein in the diet and overall metabolism. The test is suitable as an indicator of renal function, the degree of hydration of the body, protein catabolism, to determine the level of nitrogen.
Benefits of urea testing
- Results within 1 working day
- During a single blood draw, we can analyse this parameter along with a range of additional biomarkers. Explore our Product Configurator.
- Urea production influences the state of the body's acid-base balance
- The test is suitable as an indicator of kidney function, the degree of hydration of the organism, protein catabolism, to detect the level of nitrogen
- Urea is a part of the kidney and urinary tract test or selected variants of the Prevention Man test
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Testing procedure
How takes place Urea
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What interests you about the Urea test?
What is urea?
Urea is a compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the end product of protein catabolism. In short, urea is a byproduct of protein metabolism, which is used to excrete nitrogen from the body through urine, which is produced during the breakdown of amino acids.[14]
What does an elevated blood urea level mean?
Urea levels in the blood (uremia) can be elevated for three types of reasons, so-called pre-renal, renal and post-renal. Pre-renal causes of elevated urea levels include its increased production in the liver during a high-protein diet. Low blood pressure, shock and dehydration can cause reduced excretion of urea by the kidneys, thereby increasing its concentration in the blood. Renal causes are due to reduced kidney function for various reasons, they can be acute or chronic kidney diseases. As a result of urinary tract obstruction, e.g. in severe urinary tract infection or prostate cancer, there is also an increase in blood urea levels.[15]
What causes high uric acid levels?
Increased uric acid levels, which can cause gout, may be due to increased production, decreased excretion, or a combination of both. Uric acid is produced in the body during the breakdown of so-called purines, which occur naturally in the body. In small amounts, purines are harmless, but consuming foods high in them (red meat, liver, salmon, shrimp, crab, sardines, foods and drinks high in fructose, and alcohol) can cause uric acid levels in the blood to increase. Some medications, especially diuretics, can also increase uric acid levels.[16]
What increases the level of urea in the blood?
Causes of increased urea levels in the blood include, for example:
- its increased production in the liver during a high-protein diet,
- gastrointestinal bleeding,
- muscle breakdown,
- dehydration, which causes its reduced excretion,
- reduced kidney function in acute or chronic kidney diseases,
- urinary tract obstructions (e.g. urinary tract infections, prostate cancer).[17]
What should be the urea level in the blood?
The normal urea level ranges from 2.8 to 8.0 mmol/ in men and from 2.0 to 6.7 mmol/l in women. The reference range of individual laboratories may differ slightly from the values listed.[18]
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Sources
[14]Vanholder R, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Cohen G, Glorieux G, Jankowski J, et al. (2008). A bench to bedside view of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol. 19:863–70. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007121377. Dostupné online na: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5563720_A_Bench_to_Bedside_View_of_Uremic_Toxins. [cit. 14-11-2024].
[15]Vanholder R, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Cohen G, Glorieux G, Jankowski J, et al. (2008). A bench to bedside view of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol.19:863–70. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007121377. Dostupné online na: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5563720_A_Bench_to_Bedside_View_of_Uremic_Toxins. [cit. 14-11-2024].
[16]Hyperuricemia (high uric acid level). Dostupné online na: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17808-hyperuricemia-high-uric-acid-level. [cit. 14-11-2024].
[17]Vanholder R, Baurmeister U, Brunet P, Cohen G, Glorieux G, Jankowski J, et al. (2008). A bench to bedside view of uremic toxins. J Am Soc Nephrol. 19:863–70. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2007121377. Dostupné online na: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5563720_A_Bench_to_Bedside_View_of_Uremic_Toxins. [cit. 14-11-2024].
[18]Brodská HL, Kohout P. (2022). Laboratorní vyšetření v klinické praxi. Grada Publishing. 1. vydanie. ISBN 978-80-271-6694-7 (pdf). [cit. 14-11-2024].