Bone health

Instructions before collection

We do not recommend entry of patients/clients with clinical signs of disease (temperature, cough, signs of respiratory tract infection, etc.) to undergo this test.
We recommend hand disinfection prior to entry to the clinics/collection points.

It is advised to fast for a minimum of 8 hours by refraining from eating or drinking anything expect water. Faiing to fast before the test may affect result quality. If you are currently on medications, consult your healtcare provider to determine whether you should continue taking them prior to the test.

PREPARATION FOR BLOOD COLLECTION
The recommended time to collect blood is between 7 a.m. and 9 a.m., to obtain comparable results from different blood draws. To assess the numerical test result, so-called reference intervals are used, which are based on morning fasting collections and are used for population comparison. This time interval is also recommended in light of the biological cycles that naturally take place in the body.

GENERAL PRE-SAMPLING INSTRUCTIONS
• It is necessary to come to the testing site earlier, so that you can rest in the waiting room for approximately 20 minutes to have a relatively relaxed body and mind.
• It is not advisable to draw blood before collection.
• It is necessary to arrive on an empty stomach for the collection itself, in the case of collections at a later time in the day, at least three hours on an empty stomach. At home, it is desirable to drink a sufficient amount of pure water (at least up to half a liter) - this is important for a successful blood collection. Mineral water, juice, coffee and tea are not recommended.
Herbs included in tea may contain substances affecting the blood count. Coffee and black tea increase gastric acid production and release insulin from the pancreas, thereby affecting glucose metabolism. Since everything in the body is interrelated, they can impact other tests. Another extreme is when your body is running out of fluids. In this case, the number of red blood cells, the level of protein and lipids bound to the protein increase and the level of urea in the blood can also increase. It is therefore advisable to drink pure water when you wake up.


Generally, it is recommended to:
• around 6 p.m. eat only light meals, do not eat fatty food (cheese, butter, cream, meat, smoked meat, bacon) and sweet meals,
• fast for 10-12 hours (Attention: it is not advisable to starve for more than 16 hours!), in the case of later collection (after 9:30 a.m.), a lighter breakfast is allowed, no later than 3 hours before collection,
• drink non-alcoholic beverages and drinks without sugar in the usual quantity, in the case of adult clients 24 hours before blood collection (Alcohol in the blood changes lipid levels, the level of glucose is reduced, uric acid levels increase and liver enzymes are released into the blood),
• take only prescribed medicines in the evening,
• avoid increased physical activity, and strength and endurance exercise the day before blood collection (Lipid, glucose, some enzyme levels in the blood and other parameters may change during physical activity. The recovery of normal values to maintain the accuracy of laboratory results may take a longer time, depending on the duration of the exercise, your physical fitness in general and other factors. We recommend maintaining normal daily physical activity such as light stretching, short cycling to work, gardening, etc.),
• avoid psychological stress, which raises blood glucose levels and causes the release of stress hormones in particular,
• avoid smoking for at least 6 hours prior to blood collection because it increases the level of carbonylhemoglobin produced by the reaction of the blood dye with carbon monoxide and alters the permeability and elasticity of the vessels, affecting the ratios of blood analytes,
• do not chew gum for at least 6 hours before blood collection, as this may affect glucose and enzyme levels,
• do not undergo stressful diagnostic or therapeutic interventions for at least 24 hours prior to blood collection.
If any of the tests you have selected require special preparation, you will be informed of the fact by email with the order and blood collection instructions attached. These specific instructions have priority over the general recommendations for preparation.


MEDICINES
It is recommended to have blood collected before the planned doses of medicines. If it is not possible to take the medicine later, you should inform the nurse during blood collection and specify what medication you have taken.
Take the medicines prescribed by your doctor in the morning or bring them with you to take them after blood collection (thyroid medicines, antihypertensive medicines, blood thinners, contraceptives, etc.) In the case of later collection (after 9:30 a.m.), you can take the prescribed medication in the morning.
Do not take iron, vitamin, nutritional supplements or other supplements, including homeopathics, for at least three (3) days prior to blood collection.


SPECIFIC SITUATIONS
In order to obtain the appropriate answers to your questions with regard to the laboratory tests, it is important to accurately notify the nurse at the healthcare provider about the following facts prior to your blood test:
• regularly used medicines and supplements (ideally come with a written list to the blood collection site),
• infectious diseases you suffer from (e.g., HIV, hepatitis, mononucleosis...),
• contact with an infected person or presence in an infectious environment,
• if you have received an infusion within the last 5 days, specify into which limb,
• intramuscular injections within 3 days prior to the blood collection date,
• long-term immobilisation, lost ability to move,
• activities at higher altitudes,
• allergy to common band-aids,
• if you feel unwell when looking at blood or needles, please also notify our blood collection staff of the fact.


OTHER FACTORS
Please note that prolonged use of medication or other important factors may affect the values measured by the tests you have selected. For more information, please see the description of the specific test. To obtain objective test results, take the time to properly prepare for your blood collection.

PREPARATION FOR URINALYSIS

If you have chosen a chemical analysis of urine and urine sediment based on the first morning urine sample, do not forget to obtain a collection tube, either at the pharmacy or at any of our sampling points. If urine culture is tested, this tube must be sterile.
 

INSTRUCTIONS TO FOLLOW
It is recommended to follow the standard drinking regime prior to urine collection, to avoid coffee and alcohol (in the case of adult clients) that are diuretic and could dilute the urine as a result of its increased production. 24 hours prior to urine collection, sexual intercourse is not appropriate because the number of cellular particles and protein in the urine will increase.
Girls and women undergo this test outside their menstrual cycle, it is not recommended to collect urine samples 3 days before or 3 days after the cycle, when red blood cells that are not produced in the urinary tract may be present. The results can be evaluated as false positives.
 

HYGIENE
Immediately before the urine collection, it is important to thoroughly clean the genitourinary tract so that urine is not contaminated with mucus, bacteria or soap. When urinating, women and girls will separate their labia and wash their external genital organs with lukewarm water. Men and boys will pull back their foreskin and wash their penis. Your hands must be clean when doing so.
 

PROCEDURE
For the examination it is necessary to bring morning urine - bring a 10 ml sample of the entire volume of morning urine, not the middle stream. The entire volume of morning urine should be captured in a collection container and then 10 mL should be collected from it into a collection tube. Close the tube tightly and rinse with water. Be careful of the cap of the tube. It must not be picked up with the inside by the hands or placed on the sink or bath. The cap of the tube must only be held on the outer circumference to avoid contamination of the collected urine by bacteria present on the hand or furniture.
 

STORAGE AND TRANSPORT
The sample should be delivered for analysis within 4 hours after its collection and should be maintained at 4-8 °C to avoid the decomposition of cellular elements in the urine or the bacterial proliferation at higher temperatures. Biochemical quantitative urine assay A sample of spontaneous urination is collected for examination. A urine collection tube should be prepared in the evening before the test date. If you do not have an original urine collection tube, a 3dcl jar is sufficient. The jar must be clean, rinsed with boiling water and left to dry. Collect all of the urine in the jar after performing morning genitourinary tract hygiene, then pour approximately 10 ml of urine into the collection tube. You will obtain a mixed representative sample needed to determine creatinine, total protein, albumin levels or urine electrophoresis.
One common, clean urine collection tube, usually with a yellow cap, is sufficient for the chemical analysis of urine and urinary sediment. For culture testing, urine should be collected in a sterile tube, usually with a red cap. The use of empty bottles and other household urine collection containers is not appropriate due to the presence of bacteria and other components. One common, clean urine collection tube, usually with a yellow cap, is required for a quantitative biochemical assay. Proper preparation prior to the urine collection is a must for a correct result. A correct result is one of the conditions to reach the correct diagnosis.
 

SPECIFIC SITUATIONS
In order to obtain relevant answers to your questions through laboratory tests, it is important to accurately inform about the following facts before your blood test:
•    regularly used medicines and supplements (ideally present a written list right before the blood test)
•    infectious diseases you suffer from (HIV, hepatitis, mononucleosis...)
•    contact with an infected person or presence in an infectious environment